Association of Vitamin D deficiency with dyslipidemia, glycemic control and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Qatar

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been found to be associated with 25(OH)D (vitamin D) deficiency. The aim of this study was to the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in T2DM patients in Qatar and the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and other variables such as dyslipidemia and glycemic control and microalbuminuria. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at the Hamad General Hospital medical outpatient clinic, in which adult patients (? 18 years) with type 2 DM were involved, between January 1, 2018, and July 31, 2018. Ethical approval was obtained from medical research committee. 

Results: We recruited 400 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their mean age was 58.97±10.32 years and the majority were women (52.0%) and Arabs (69.5%). The mean duration of type 2 diabetes diagnosis was 14.94±8.99 years and mean. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 29.5%. A comparison between vitamin D deficiency and non-vitamin D deficiency groups, showed a statistically significant difference in terms of fasting blood sugar (P<0.001), random blood sugar (P<0.001), HBA1c (P<0.001), total cholesterol (P=0.001), LDL (C) (P=0.004), HDL (C) (P<0.001), triglyceride (P<0.001), and Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate (P=0.007). Data analysis showed that a significant negative correlation was found between vitamin D level and fasting blood sugar (r= -0.208, P<0.001), random blood sugar (r= -0.20, P<0.001), HBA1c (r= -0.260, P<0.001), total cholesterol (r= -0.218, P<0.001), LDL (C) (r= -0.176, P=0.004), triglyceride (r= -0.342, P<0.001), and Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate (r= -0.184, P=0.007). Conclusion: Our study showed a significant correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the poor control of T2DM, dyslipidemia, and microalbuminuria. The results emphasize the importance of monitoring vitamin D status in high-risk populations.