Role of Yogic Practices in Enhancing Reaction Time: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: Reaction time (RT), the interval between stimulus onset and voluntary motor response, is a fundamental measure of sensorimotor efficiency and central nervous system (CNS) function. Prolonged RT is associated with neurological impairment, fall risk, and reduced occupational performance, making its enhancement a clinically relevant objective. Yoga, has demonstrated beneficial effects on cognitive function, attention, and psychomotor performance across diverse populations. Despite growing individual study evidence, findings remain dispersed across varied populations, intervention modalities, and methodological approaches. This review aimed to synthesise available evidence on the effects of yogic practices on visual and auditory reaction times, identify the most effective yoga components, and elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms. Materials and Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Consensus, and Perplexity. Studies published from 1990 onwards reporting quantitative RT outcomes following yogic interventions were eligible for inclusion. A total of 22 references were identified after screening against predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Most studies reported significant reductions in both visual reaction time (VRT) and auditory reaction time (ART), with improvements ranging from 10% to 33%. Pranayama, particularly bellows-type and fast breathing techniques (Mukh Bhastrika, fast pranayama), produced the most pronounced RT improvements. Asana-based practices enhanced RT through neuromuscular and proprioceptive refinement, while meditation improved RT through prefrontal attentional strengthening and autonomic regulation. Integrated multicomponent yoga programmes demonstrated the broadest benefits across populations. Conclusions: Yogic practices are effective, safe, and accessible 
interventions for enhancing psychomotor performance. Their integration into educational, athletic, occupational, and clinical settings is supported by current evidence. Future research should employ standardised protocols, neuroimaging tools, and adequately powered randomised controlled trials to strengthen the evidence base.