Study of the Prevalence of Obesity and Its Association with Selected School Performance Measures Among School-age Children in Mosul, Iraq

Abstract

Background: Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern worldwide, with implications for both physical health and cognitive development. Limited data exist in Mosul, Iraq, regarding the prevalence of obesity among primary school children and its potential impact on academic performance. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2025 among 2,310 primary-school children aged 6–12 years in Mosul. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI) were obtained and classified using CDC growth charts. A structured questionnaire assessed sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Academic performance was evaluated using standardized Stage 6 mathematics examination scores. Logistic regression identified predictors of overweight/obesity, while multiple linear regression examined associations between obesity and mathematics scores, adjusting for confounders. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 6.1%, with boys (7.8%) more affected than girls (4.3%). Significant predictors included age (11–12 years), male gender, higher household income, urban residence, parental obesity, prolonged screen time, reduced physical activity, and frequent fast-food consumption. Mathematics scores were negatively associated with obesity, male gender, screen time ≥3 hours/day, and fast-food intake, while positively associated with parental education, higher parental income, urban residence, and daily physical activity ≥30 minutes. Conclusion: Childhood overweight and obesity in Mosul are relatively common and significantly associated with lower mathematics performance. Early interventions involving schools, families, and healthcare providers are essential to promote healthier lifestyles and academic achievement.