Diagnostic dilemmas in viral hemorrhagic fevers: A case report and literature review

Abstract

The main aim of this case study was to describe the clinical presentation and course of dengue hemorrhagic fever 
(DHF), as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of current diagnostic and treatment approaches. This case study focuses 
on an 18-year-old boy who presented to a nearby hospital in Khambhat with a 3-day history of high fever, severe 
body ache, and mild throat pain. Based on clinical investigations, the patient was diagnosed with DHF and treated 
accordingly. His platelet count initially decreased and subsequently increased gradually during treatment. This case 
highlights the severity of DHF and the importance of timely intervention and effective management. Supportive care, 
including blood and platelet transfusions, was crucial in managing the severe presentation. Effective management 
of DHF requires appropriate fluid resuscitation, electrolyte balance, blood products when indicated, and close 
monitoring. Clinically, patients may present with non-specific symptoms, underscoring the need for early laboratory 
confirmation using NS1 antigen and IgM antibody testing. Governments should enhance surveillance and reporting, 
provide accessible healthcare services, and conduct public awareness campaigns. This case illustrates the significance 
of prompt intervention, including fluid resuscitation and close monitoring, which played a vital role in recovery.